PwC's 2020 Annual Corporate Directors Survey

Published September 2020 on 693 US public company directors from more than a dozen industries, 75 per cent of them at companies with annual revenues above USD 1 billion, 76 per cent men and 61 per cent with more than five years on their board. More than one third of directors, 36 per cent, say it is hard to voice a dissenting opinion in their boardroom; on the separate question of what causes reluctance to dissent, base 531, 52 per cent name the desire to maintain a collegial atmosphere and 32 per cent name dominant personalities. The survey also sets out PwC's four-bias taxonomy of authority bias, groupthink, status quo bias and confirmation bias.